“...for ye have no
time but this present. Therefore prize your time for your souls’ sake.”
--George Fox in Letter
5, to his parents
I. No time but this present:
Tough decisions are
not supposed to be made in haste. We have the aphorism, “Marry in haste; repent
at leisure.” Membership in the Religious Society of Friends is often compared
to marriage. Friends believe that both should ideally be life-long and
life-changing commitments. Indeed, the comparison of the church to the bride
goes back to the Bible. For this reason it is not surprising that, as
common-law relationships have now often become accepted alongside formal
marriage, many would have a similar relationship to our Religious Society. (For
a discussion of this and related issues, see Alastair Heron, Caring, Conviction, Commitment: Dilemmas of
Quaker Membership Today [1992] and the
surveys discussed by Mark S. Carey, Pink Dandelion, and Rosie Rutherford in Quaker Studies 13/ [2009] pp. 238-245.)
I raise the issue of
complexities regarding membership at the outset because of the paradox that the
ability to change religious affiliation that we see in many western countries
may make it harder to commit. Again, the parallel to marriage is useful. It is
a commonplace of sociological research that people who have experienced their
own divorce or that of their parents are more reluctant to marry (or remarry,
as the case may be) than otherwise similar peers.
So, what can I say
about membership? I will make the typical disclaimer cum biographical
statement, although some details are atypical. I am a convinced Friend who
became involved with Quakerism as a teenager. My parents belonged to a variety
of ‘mainline’ Protestant denominations and also had connections at different
times with the Unitarian Universalists. I attended what was at the time a
Preparative Meeting under the care of a Monthly Meeting over an hour away.
(This is not uncommon in North America, but British Friends may wish to bear in
mind that Monthly Meetings here are not usually deliberately set up to be
groups of several Preparative Meetings; for instance, Jesus Lane Preparative
Meeting in Cambridge, England would be a Monthly Meeting if it were in New
England or Canada.) That Preparative Meeting was being nudged into becoming its
own Monthly Meeting in a process rather similar to a long-time attender being
encouraged to apply for membership, but they were only initiating the process
when I applied. I thus applied for and was accepted into membership into a
Meeting which I never physically attended, because I obtained my driver's
license only around the time I met with the clearness committee that considered
my membership. (I had been to other Meetings, though.) This made me the
youngest founding member of the “new” Monthly Meeting. Because of the vagaries
of my life, I have participated in some six other Meetings in four Yearly
Meetings and visited numerous others in different parts of the world. I have
retained my membership in the first Meeting, however, in part because I was a
founder but also because I vote by absentee ballot in a town within its
catchment area. I contact the local Congressional delegation with some
regularity, usually about issues of Quaker concern. I was married under the
joint care of that Meeting and the one of which my husband (another convinced
Friend) is a member. The Meeting I currently attend is quite small and
encourages Friends in its midst who are members of other Meetings to
participate in a wide variety of Quaker business, including clearness
committees of all types. I have handled the gamut of membership issues.
I may not be the best
person to talk about membership, but, like other Friends, I have my opinions.
First and perhaps foremost is the infrequency with which we invite attenders to
consider applying for membership. Although we Friends talk about transparency,
the discussion of membership (at least in the unprogrammed Meetings familiar to
me) is taboo because of our concerns about proselytizing. I learned just how
taboo when I was a teenaged attender and was considering applying to a college
that had a Quaker history. In those days, applicants with a Quaker background
of any sort were encouraged to self-identify (that question became illegal
under human rights legislation probably around the time “to self-identify” became
a verb in English, and no doubt for related reasons). I asked the clerk of the
local Preparative Meeting whether she would back me up if I made such an
identification. “Of course, I would be happy to write a letter explaining your
situation, but I think you should apply for membership. It is a pity that
Friends almost never invite attenders to take this step. My husband and I
attended (our previous Meeting) for ten years and were never asked or even
encouraged to apply. We kept thinking we were unworthy. Finally, we gathered up
our courage and asked about joining. They said, ‘We were wondering what took
you so long.’ Ever since, I have felt that Quaker practice on this point was
wrong, and not just because no one should feel the way we did.”
I applied for
membership a few months later, coincidentally a matter of weeks after putting
down a deposit to attend a college with no Quaker connections. Over the years,
several Friends who were much older than I and who worked on membership issues
have spoken with me with the thought that at some point I might have some
influence, however minor, on the broader discussion. Although all of these
discussions have been important, that first statement cut to the core.
When Friends who have
been attenders for some time inquire about membership or moot about the
possibility indirectly, I retell the story about the people who waited for ten
years under the fear that they were “unworthy.” I explain briefly what
membership entails and show them a copy of whatever document the particular
Yearly Meeting has that discusses the process. In some Yearly Meetings it is Faith and Practice; in Canada, it is Organization and Procedure; still other
Meetings have pamphlets, of which Philadelphia Yearly Meeting provides an
excellent example written by Jennifer Goetz. However, I do wait for at least
a broad hint from the other party: I think this is as proactive as my Friend
from high school days ever got.
Buttonholing
individuals about membership is no doubt contrary to Quaker practice because of
our history of being on the receiving end of persecution. There are other
reasons we usually wait for someone to approach us, rather than the other way
around; most notable is the concern that some attenders have had a negative
experience with a denomination with its own expectations of membership. So,
within these parameters, what can we do to encourage membership? Meetings that
have regular discussions of Quaker testimonies and topics can put membership
into the rotation if they have not done so already.
Such discussions can
and probably should include information about how to apply and what really goes
on in a clearness committee meeting. Faith
and Practice and general guidebooks keep the description on clearness
committees for membership general because of the variety of circumstances. The
description in Howard Brinton’s Guide to
Quaker Practice is typical: “It is the committee’s duty to ascertain whether
or not the applicant understands the beliefs and practices of the Society of Friends
and is in substantial agreement with them and intends to conduct herself or
himself accordingly.” (p. 47, 1993 edition) However, people are often terrified
of these meetings, and not only because there is the chance, however unlikely,
that they might be encouraged to wait awhile. My thesis supervisor gave
me more of an idea of what was likely to come up in my dissertation defense
than most Friends tell potential applicants for membership (or marriage, for
that matter, if one wants to carry forward that earlier comparison). When the
latest person to apply for membership locally asked what the clearness committee
was likely to discuss, I had only the information listed above. And yet we tell
people that a clearness committee is not the Spanish Inquisition.
II. Some Queries for those contemplating membership or serving on a
clearness committee for membership:
Neither a thesis
advisor nor a clearness committee can or should anticipate all questions in
advance. No one wants to give or hear answers that are completely rehearsed,
but a list of questions for people to think about in advance would not hurt. It
might help attenders decide if they were ready to apply for membership. Here is
a list, drawn up primarily for those in unprogrammed Meetings who do not have
an expectation that Friends will support a formal statement such as the
Richmond Declaration. Some of these questions are of the sort that might come
up in a clearness committee, although we would have time for no more than a
fraction; others are more likely to be used for an attender's own reflections.
A. General issues
of experience and comfort level:
How long have you been
attending Meeting for Worship? Are you able to make attending Meeting a
priority to the extent that physical proximity to the Meeting and other
considerations such as work and family commitments allow? If these practical
considerations are onerous, in what other ways can you contribute to the life
of your Meeting? If you are physically distant from a Friends Meeting, are you
aware of what resources your Yearly Meeting may have for you?
If your Meeting allows
attenders to participate in Meeting for Worship with attention to Business,
have you done so? If you are able, can you contribute to the Meeting
financially if you have not already done so? How can you contribute to
committee work or other responsibilities that allow Quaker Meetings and organizations
to function, if such efforts are feasible for you? If a personal problem not
relating to Friends (e.g., issues at work or family illness) were to arise, are
there Friends with whom you would feel comfortable discussing it? If someone
inside the Quaker ambit does or says something that makes you uncomfortable in
belief or practice, how might you respond?
Membership in the
Religious Society of Friends is through the Monthly Meeting, but it is
nevertheless a membership in the worldwide Religious Society. Have you visited
other Meetings and larger Quaker gatherings or Quaker-affiliated programs
(e.g., Quarterly or Half-Yearly Meeting, Yearly Meeting, Friends General
Conference, Friends United Meeting, Powell House, Pendle Hill, or Woodbrooke)?
If you move, can you anticipate participating in a new Meeting? Friends have
often accepted members, including students, who expect to move in the
foreseeable future. We are experienced and (we hope) helpful in assisting with
such transitions.
Do you have a rudimentary
understanding of Quaker history and how Quakers in your area are organized
(i.e., Monthly and Yearly Meetings), and do you inform yourself of broader
current Quaker concerns?
Friends often have
periods of dryness in their spiritual lives. Also, sometimes people come to a
new faith community with the feeling that the community perfectly meets their
needs. Friends are human beings and Friends’ organizations are comprised of
human beings; we are fallible and have at least our share of warts. Can you anticipate
dealing with a period of dryness or disappointment while maintaining your
membership in our Religious Society?
B. Quakers and the
family and close friends:
Most Friends have
family members who are not Quakers. Indeed, this is often the case even inside
one's immediate household. How do members of your family view your interest in
Quakerism? If differences arise, as in the religious education of children, how
might you approach them? If you are currently single or unpartnered, can you
envisage a Quaker life for yourself if in the future you have a spouse or
partner with no interest in Quakerism? Can you discuss your beliefs with family
and close friends if the subject comes up without feeling the desire to try to
win them over, or without being defensive if any of them try to do the same?
C. God and
Christianity:
The Friends in this
Yearly Meeting do not have a creed or formal statement of belief (see
introductory paragraph for Friends that do have a formal statement). Nevertheless, you should have a broad familiarity with the religious traditions of Quakers, how they have developed, and the range of such beliefs today. What have Quakers
traditionally thought about God and Christianity? What is your understanding, within
the Yearly Meeting you now attend, about such beliefs today? Allowing for human
limitations in describing the range of their own religious experiences, how
would you describe your own beliefs about God and Christianity? How comfortable
are you with the range of belief within your Yearly Meeting (or a lack of
diversity, as the case may be)? In particular, how do you feel about the
Christian history of the Religious Society of Friends?
How do you perceive
the relationship between religion and science?
D. Vocal ministry
and the general conduct of Meeting for Worship:
How do you feel about
vocal ministry in Meeting, or the lack thereof? If your Meeting has long
periods or silence and/or plenty of completely silent Meetings for Worship, how
would you feel about attending a so-called “popcorn Meeting” with lots of vocal
ministry, or vice versa? Can you listen respectfully to a message that may not
be meant for you, but which may be meaningful to another?
Are you familiar with
Friends’ principles about the outward sacraments (water baptism and communion
with bread and wine or juice)? How do you feel about these?
If your Meeting is
completely unprogrammed, how do you feel about the lack of designated periods
for music in Meeting for Worship? If you enjoy religious music, are there other
opportunities, inside or outside of the Religious Society, that provide what
you need in this area? Likewise, how do you feel about the absence of religious
art in most Quaker Meeting Houses?
E. Quaker
testimonies:
There are a number of areas of community, national, and global concern in which Friends have traditionally been active. These concerns come out of core beliefs, which we call testimonies. Quaker testimonies include,
but are by no means limited to: sincerity or integrity, equality (whether of
gender, social status, education, or other aspects of the human experience),
simplicity, and peace. Modern Friends have also developed a testimony of
environmental concerns, including the welfare of species other than our own. In
addition, the testimony on integrity has led Friends to use affirmations rather
than oaths.
Friends approach these
testimonies in different ways. How do you approach these testimonies yourself?
Does it bother you if another Friend has a different response to one of these
testimonies than you do (e.g., differences of belief and practice about the
peace testimony or views on gender, marriage, and sexuality)?
F. The world of
Quakerism:
The Religious Society
of Friends has members and attenders all over the world. For historical and
other reasons, they differ enormously in the way they understand Quaker belief
and practice. Traditionally, the organizational “building block” of Quakerism
is the Monthly Meeting, called a “church” in some parts of the world. Monthly
Meetings in turn belong to broader organizations, usually Yearly Meetings that
meet annually (often with regional gatherings that meet more often); these are
in turn connected to the Friends World Committee for Consultation, which
represents Quakers from all over the world. Do you have a basic idea of the
range of Friends in the FWCC and what their beliefs are?
If your Yearly Meeting
is part of another Quaker organization, such as Friends General Conference
(FGC) or Friends United Meeting (FUM), do you have a basic
understanding of what that organization is and what its beliefs are? People in
North America should be especially aware that some Yearly Meetings have dual
affiliations with Friends United Meeting and Friends General Conference and
that tensions have arisen due to differences in beliefs and expectations among
members of these two umbrella groups. These Yearly Meetings are: Baltimore,
Canadian, New England, New York, and Southeastern.
The Religious Society of Friends is a living organism. As such, it is changing and developing. In what ways can you see yourself contributing to any changes that might occur? If any current trends make you feel uncomfortable (and many Friends have felt such discomfort), what are they, and how can you relate to them? Remember that there is no one answer to questions like this.
The Religious Society of Friends is a living organism. As such, it is changing and developing. In what ways can you see yourself contributing to any changes that might occur? If any current trends make you feel uncomfortable (and many Friends have felt such discomfort), what are they, and how can you relate to them? Remember that there is no one answer to questions like this.
G. Other questions
and concerns:
Is there anything you
would like to ask a clearness committee?
III. Other issues related to membership:
I have some broader
issues in mind as well. Committees on Ministry and Counsel or their equivalent
can keep up with people who are in the process of drifting away, if only to
maintain the conversation and have accurate contact information. (I have known
of membership clerks being approached by Ministry and Counsel because they do
not have current addresses of all members, only to reply that membership clerks
are likely to be in the same position.)
We might also consider
saying something similar to what some other religious organizations put on
their monthly newsletter: “those who are interested in knowing what membership
in the Religious Society of Friends (Quakers) entails should feel free to
contact the clerk, the membership clerk, or a member of the Committee on
Ministry and Counsel/an Overseer (with names and contact information).” A
letter applying for membership is sent to the clerk, but it is important to
make it clear that the clerk is not a stand-in for a member of the clergy.
One final point: when
the subject of raising the age limit for people on the “temporary list” (called
“junior members” in some Yearly Meetings) came up in Canadian Yearly Meeting, I
was one of many who were generally supportive. Times have changed. Whereas
previous generations of Friends might have been likely to have permanent jobs
and even children by their twenty-sixth birthday, the cut-off for many
temporary lists, this has been unrealistic for some time. Although others have
worked for some time and written at length on the subject, I also would
encourage Yearly Meetings (and Monthly Meetings, where flexibility exists) to
consider raising the age limit or to look at ways in which people who otherwise
move a lot might feel comfortable applying for membership in our Religious
Society.
Despite the noblest
intent of all concerned, Friends who have served on committees to look over the
membership list (the name and participants of such committees differ according
to Yearly Meeting and sometimes within Yearly Meetings) sometimes have tales to
tell about people who have applied for membership in the Religious Society of
Friends and been accepted into it, only to sink into disillusionment later.
Certainly some have applied when they had insufficient experience outside their
local Meetings and were dissatisfied with a new Meeting in a different town.
Some rethink their spiritual values and go elsewhere, the same as other people
come to us. But does that make the idea of membership a hot potato? I hope not.
The fact of a divorce does not by itself preclude remarriage under the care of
our Religious Society (at least in the Yearly Meetings familiar to me).
Likewise, we all know that “divorce” from membership happens from time to time.
When people leave our Religious Society, it is important not only to see
why the Friend wishes to leave (like a marital divorce, such separations
are occasionally called off) but also to ensure that the process is “no fault”
and transparent. Friends try to arrange visitation for the member who wishes to
resign not only to ensure that such a person feels “clear” about the Meeting
(and vice versa) but to reduce the risk of hard feelings. Occasionally we have
had a happy reunion later.
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| Exterior of Sparta Meeting House, Yarmouth, Ontario photograph ©Kristin Lord 2013 |
